疫情期间有不少持b1/b2旅游签证的人士在美国因为各种各样的原因无法回国。但是理论上在入境时每次给大家批准的停留时间通常为6个月，疫情期间很容易造成超期滞留的问题。如果超期滞留怎么办呢？超期滞留又对下次入境有哪些影响呢？
根据uscis官方指南，在i-94过期申请延期并未得到批复的期间，申请人的身份将变为out of status，但是并不构成非法停留unlawful presenc。关于“unlawful presenc"的具体解释后文中会提及。
另外，由于受到新冠肺炎的影响，uscis允许持非移民类型签证人员申请延长在美停留期限或变更身份。
申请人可以通过移民局网站在线提交延期居留或者变更身份的申请。
- 如果及时提出申请，等待移民局批复期间不会被认定为非法滞留。
- 如果因疫情未能及时递交且情况特殊，移民局也会酌情考虑并受理。
- 申请人必须提供有效证据，说明确是由于疫情造成延期，移民局将逐案进行评估审查。
也就是说，大家如果为家人申请了b1/b2签证延期，只要延期申请还没有批复下来的期间，都不会造成非法停留，不会影响下次的入境。但是一旦申请批复，请大家务必根据批准情况决定是否继续在美国停留。如果一次延期的时间已经到了，那么请提前申请二次延期，为自己预留足够的时间。
如果你的延期申请被拒绝了，那么从批复日起的时间就会开始算为unlawful presence，请大家尽快购买机票离境。
在美国如果非法停留即unlawful presence，根据非法停留时常的不同，将会面临一系列的处罚，根据ina212(a)(9)(b) 包括：
- 非法停留少于180天：有可能导致下次签证拒签；
- 非法停留多于180天但少于1年，根据ina235(b)(1)提出快速遣返程序或根据ina 240自愿撤离程序之前自愿离开美国：3年内将被禁止入境美国；
- 非法停留多于1年，根据法律规定自愿离开美国或被遣返：10年将被禁止入境美国；
- 非法停留多于1年且试图非法入境：终身禁止入境。
另外，根据移民与国籍法ina第222（g）条中提到如果在美国超期滞留的非移民，其非移民签证将作废。以下是foreign affairs manual（fam）的指导手册对各种情况的解读：
9 fam 302.1-9(b)(6) (u) summary of ina 222(g) scenarios | ||
情况 | 适用于ina 222(g)（签证作废） | 不适用于ina 222(g)（签证不作废） |
alien admitted until specified date; maintains status; departs by date specified. | 不适用 | |
alien admitted until specified date; maintains status; departs after date specified. | 适用 | |
alien admitted until specified date; violates status; departs by date specified. | 不适用 | |
alien admitted until specified date; violates status; departs by date specified, but is found by uscis, an ij, or the bia to have violated status. | 适用 | |
alien admitted until specified date; violates status; departs after date specified. | 适用 | |
alien admitted until specified date; stays beyond specified date; but granted voluntary departure (v/d). | 适用 | |
alien admitted until specified date, found by uscis, an ij, or the bia to have violated status but is granted v/d; departs prior to both date on form i-94, arrival-departure record and date specified in v/d order. | 适用 | |
alien admitted for duration of status (d/s), maintains status and departs. | 不适用 | |
alien admitted for (d/s), violates status (not found in violation by uscis, an ij or the bia). | 不适用 | |
alien admitted for (d/s), found by uscis or ij in violation of status. | 适用 | |
alien admitted for (d/s), found by dhs an ij, or the bia in violation of status, granted voluntary departure. | 适用 | |
alien admitted until specified date; applies for extension or change of status within applicable time limit prior to expiration of form i-94; remains in u.s. after date on form i-94; and application is subsequently approved. | 不适用 | |
alien admitted until specified date; applies in timely fashion for extension or change of status, remains in u.s. after date on i-94 and application is subsequently denied. | 适用 | |
alien admitted for d/s; applies in timely fashion for extension or change of status; application is subsequently denied for reasons other than status violation. | 不适用 | |
alien admitted until specified date; submits a timely and non-frivolous application for extension or change of status; departs u.s. after expiration of form i-94, but before a decision on the form i-94 extension/change of status application. | 不适用 | |
alien admitted until specified date; files late application for change or extension of status; uscis accepts late application because alien established that filing was for good cause and otherwise satisfies the requirements for retroactive application; and application is ultimately approved: | 不适用 | |
alien entered on visa waiver program (vwp), on parole, without inspection, or otherwise without nonimmigrant visa, (niv) regardless of whether alien overstays or violates status. | 不适用 | |
由此可见，大部分的情况下非法停留是会导致签证作废的，即使你持有的是10年多次往返签证，也必须要重新递交申请签证。
但是根据fam以上的解释 "alien admitted until specified date; submits a timely and non-frivolous application for extension or change of status; departs u.s. after expiration of form i-94, but before a decision on the form i-94 extension/change of status application"，如果申请了延期，不管是否得到批准，只要再批准之前离境，签证不过期。
总的来说，疫情期间因为因为特殊情况在美国滞留的人不在少数，大家一定要及时申请延期，了解超期滞留的风险等。希望疫情早日结束生活回归正常！如果你喜欢这篇文章，就请收藏转发吧！谢谢大家的支持！